Car's basic structure consists of those parts?
A: The basic structure of commonly used vehicles are composed of four parts, the four parts are: engine, chassis and electrical equipment, part of the body.
2. four gasoline engines range of a few parts from that?
A: The four-stroke gasoline engine from the body, connecting rod, valve cooling system, lubrication system, fuel system and ignition system (diesel engine without ignition system) and so on.
3. four-stroke gasoline engine is the cycle of how to work?
A: The process comprises the work of the engine intake, compression, work, and exhaust the four processes. This four-stroke engine is the piston moving up and down the four process completed within the four stroke. Intake stroke: the intake valve open, exhaust valve are closed. With the Pistons down from TDC TDC Mobile, the volume above the piston increases, the cylinder pressure is reduced, resulting in a vacuum suction. Natural gas mixture can be inhaled into the cylinder. Compression stroke: intake valve, exhaust valve are closed, the piston ended up dead from the point of the next move, the mixed gas pressure to the combustion chamber. Workmanship stroke: the end of compression, the intake valve, exhaust valve remains closed, sent spark plug spark, ignited combustible mixture, violent expansion of gases after combustion, resulting in tremendous pressure on the piston down quickly, the push rod crankshaft rotation workmanship. Exhaust stroke: exhaust valve opens, the intake valve closes, the piston up from the bottom dead center TDC Mobile, the exhaust excluded.
4. the body and the role of connecting rod and main components have?
A: The body and the role of Crank: fuel combustion in the cylinder gas pressure acting on the piston top, with the connecting rod into the crankshaft torque, so that the work of the crankshaft driven mechanical work, body and crank the main parts are the cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, connecting rod, crank, flywheel and so on.
5. that the role of Valve and composition?
A: The role of Valve needed, the timely opening and closing intake and exhaust doors, timely introduction of the flammable gas cylinders and exhaust emissions. At the same time, drive distributor, fuel pump and other mechanical work. Valve main components include: intake valve, exhaust valve, mechanical parts such as camshaft drive.
6. that the role of cooling system-level components?
A: The cooling system is used: the high-temperature mechanical heat dispersion into the atmosphere to go in order to keep the engine at normal temperatures. General water cooling system the water from the engine cover, water pump, radiator, fan, thermostat, water temperature switches and other mechanical components and turn on the water.
7. What is the engine temperature normal? How to control the water temperature?
A: The water-cooled engine normal operating temperature should be 80-90 degrees. The engine temperature to liberate CA10B cars, for example, according to the temperature of the engine and pull (ie, open) or introduced (ie, opening and closing) shutters cab joystick to change the amount of air into the radiator, to adjust the engine temperature.
8. What is the role of lubricating oil?
A: The role of lubricants: lubrication of the friction parts, reduce friction, reduce power consumption. Cooling: oil circulation can be friction tropical away. Lower parts of the temperature. Cleaning action: to wash away impurities on the surface of parts to reduce wear and tear. Seal: In between the piston and cylinder wall oil, increase the tightness.
9. How to check the oil level of engine oil?
A: Check the oil sump oil level should be the car park in the relatively flat areas, the engine stops running, and so little time, put the oil-foot pull, wipe oil on the surface, and then inserted from the mouth of the oil-foot tube in the end, to determine the amount of oil.
10. to say the normal gasoline and diesel oil pressure?
A: In the cab on the dashboard oil pressure gauge observed: the normal gasoline engine oil pressure 200-500 kPa; diesel engines for the 600-1000 kPa.
11. carburetor, which has several devices? What is the role?
A: The structure of the carburetor can be divided into five devices: A: The starter; idle devices; medium load device; full load device; acceleration. The role of the carburetor: engine in different situations according to the needs of the gasification gas, and by a certain percentage of air mixed into combustible mixture. Amount of time into the cylinder.
12. diaphragm air pumps How does it work?
A: Range: When the eccentric cam rotates top arm pumping action. Down the pump membrane, the spring is compressed, then the top of the pump membrane volume increases, pressure is reduced, resulting in suction, resorted to the oil valve is closed, gasoline from the tank by the fuel filter inlet valve into the pump room. Send oil: cam continues to rotate, after the eccentric rotation of the spring arm to push back the oil, the pump will pump membrane into the membrane spring above the gasoline pump indoor flash begins with the oil pressure to the carburetor float chamber.
13. What are the main drive components by the? What does it do?
A: The main transmission clutch, transmission (and sub-drive), drive shaft, universal joints, gear, differential, axle and other components. The role of transmission: The engine output power to pass the drive wheels, drive the vehicle.
14. What is the role of clutch?
A: The clutch is the role of engine power and transmission with smooth or temporarily separated, so that the car driver to start, stop, shift and other operations.
15. gearbox role?
A: The car driving resistance for change, change the wheel to reverse, and speed. The vehicle forward or backward. Gap, the interrupt power transmission, the engine operation and vehicle movement out.
16. differential role?
A: When the car turning a corner, on both sides of the vehicle at the same time walking distance within the range, within the outer wheel to move a large distance, so the differential cross-axis by the planetary gear wheel resistance. Revolution generated in the rotation at the same time, automatically increased the outside wheel speed, wheel speed up the outer, inner differential effect of slowing the sky. Exercise in a straight line. Differential does not work.
17. tires in use for which inspection should pay attention to?
A: Check the tire wear, tire wear off even if the braking effect will be reduced (and the road surface friction is reduced Suleyman), the longer the braking distance, high speed easy to burst Such tires should be replaced. Tire pressure is low or the left and right sides of the tire pressure is uneven, the time difference will cause the braking effect, steering difficulties or turning heavy, but also reduces the tire life. Carrying capacity, the above consequences more serious. Therefore, timely tire pressure should be less than inflation. Around the wheel should choose the same specifications, models of tires, wear should be the same. Otherwise, it will affect the dynamic performance of the vehicle steering mechanism. Check tire ground plane without fracture, injury or tread on the availability of foreign objects (such as nails), the two rear wheels at a stone when caught, must be promptly removed.
18. What are the components from the steering system? Is how to shift?
A: The steering system generally steering control mechanism, steering gear and steering bodies of three parts. When you turn the steering wheel, steering shaft and worm with this rotation, scrolling up and down with the Worm, so that steering arm swing to promote the direct lever back and forth. So turn off the main section to turn to the center, front-wheel drive side of the deflection, to control vehicle steering purposes.
19. What is wheel alignment? Include?
A: In order to make the car stable straight, turning light, reducing vehicle in the exercise of the tire wear and steering parts, front wheel kingpin steering, front axle between the three The installation has a certain relative position, which is called It includes the front wheel camber, front wheel before the swift, steering knuckle kingpin inclination and tilt steering knuckle after the primary school.
20. What is the role hand brake?
A: The hand brake is a car park that is not to slippery when, in exceptional circumstances, urgent action with the foot brake or foot brake failure times used.
21. pneumatic braking device consists of what components? How does it work?
A: The brake pedal by the pneumatic brake equipment, air compressor, pressure gauge, brake method, the brake chamber, wheel brakes, brake lines and other components. When the brake pedal, the brake cylinder to brake open the chamber channel, so gas cylinder of compressed air into the brake chamber by the brake, the transmission components, brake shoes to promote open to pressure brake drum tight, so that the wheels have brake.
22. hydraulic braking system which components? How does it work?
A: The hydraulic braking system from the brake pedal, brake master cylinder, brake wheel cylinders, brake wheel, brake roll, piping and other components. When the brake pedal is depressed, the master cylinder piston push to move forward. To produce cylinder brake fluid pressure to push the oil through the tubing of the brake wheel cylinders. Then open the outside wheel cylinder piston, push the brake shoes and brake drum contacts, resulting in brake.
23. accumulator What role?
A: The role of the battery power supply of engines, engine. Low-speed operation of the engine, engine power is insufficient work to the lighting, sound equipment, ignition systems and power; when the engine speed operation. Generator is sufficient, store excess energy. Battery charge and discharge conditions can ammeter display.
24. how to use and maintenance of batteries?
A: clean, remove dust, dirt and oxides in a timely manner. Column line and the battery then the battery is securely installed. Battery fluid should be higher than the level on electric guitar, do 10-15 mm. Lack of timely and should be added. The proportion of regular checks of the electrolyte. Should generally be maintained at between 1.220-1.260. Avoid vigorous discharge, such as the use starting time not too long and so on.
25. What role ignition system?
A: The ignition system's role: is to the bottom of the battery or generator output coils into a high-voltage piezoelectric fire spots, and then from the distributor acting by order of the engine cylinder, in turn cause flash over with the spark plugs, igniting combustible mixture, the engine is running.
26. What is the role breaker?
A: The break is the role of gas on and off low-voltage circuit, the pilot fires the coil high voltage current.
27. What are the main light car?
A: headlamp (including the high beam and low beam), front position lamps, rear position lamps, license lights, instrument lights, turn signals, brake lights, hazard lights, reversing lights, front fog lamps and so on.
28. What is the routine maintenance of the vehicle? Why does the driver routine maintenance of vehicles to do well?
A: Regular maintenance is the driver before moving, moving, closing car inspection, cleaning, fastening added effect. Departments of motor vehicles are changing at any time. Parking also occurs when the failure of parts or damage. If unable to detect and exclude these serious faults, directly related to traffic safety, engine life and fuel, lubricating oil consumption. Therefore, we must carefully work out the maintenance work.
29. What should be checked before moving off the main item?
A: The driver check before moving items: oil volume, the amount of fuel, cooling water, hands, feet, brakes, horn sound, lighting, hanging water heater, turn equipment, instruments, tire pressure, tire nuts and so on.
30. traffic in the main items which should be checked?
A: The car driving, the driver should check: A: The vehicle instrument panel to view the work of all kinds. Check steering system work properly. Check the hand, foot brake effect is normal. Check the engine and chassis are in operation in the same sound and unusual odor. Use of stop time (the average car traveling about 50 kilometers) to do the inspection the following items: hand-touch front and rear wheel brake drum measuring whether overheating. Check the tires, fastening nut, clear increases in the tire tread debris. Check for oil spills, air and water leakage phenomenon. Check whether there are broken leaf springs, drive shaft connecting bolts are loose. Check the banding of the goods and so on.
31. closing after the vehicle inspection and maintenance which should be the main item?
A: Check and add fuel, run of the fuel. Clean vehicles, the external and engine, chassis. In the winter season, such as the cooling system antifreeze is not added, they should switch to the radiator cap and drain, drainage of the engine switches are open, the cooling water, exhausted, and started to do short time, drain the water to avoid residue cracking water cylinder, radiator, air brake cylinder vehicle should be exhausted in the sewage. Remove from heat and turn off the switches and tighten the hand brake, to see whether the leakage phenomenon ammeter (a pointer to the Check the horn, lights, wipers. Check whether the leaf spring break, spring hanger, horse bolts are loose. Check the axle and tire nuts, to see a non-destructive split steel ring. Check whether the injury cracking and loss of tire air.
32. vehicle level maintenance requirements?
A: a maintenance operation is completed, should reach truck neat, reliable connection, three filter smooth, no oil spills, watertight, airtight, no leakage.
33. vehicle a clean operation and maintenance projects have?
A: The maintenance and cleaning operations items: A: clean body and clean the engine, chassis parts. Cleaning, maintenance, air filter, clean fuel filter, oil filter in the release of sediments, turning the handle 3-4 ring filter, clean oil filter, replace the filter according to the degree of pollution. Release of oil and water cylinder sediments.
34. vehicles, a maintenance operation project which lubrication?
A: The maintenance of lubrication operating items: A: Check engine, transmission, rear axle, steering gear oil in the plane, according to regulations applying lubricant. Nozzle equipped vehicle parts, effective and required filling (water pump, shaft and universal joints, steering knuckle, steering rod, etc.) grease.
35. vehicle fastening operations a maintenance inspection program have?
A: Check the fastening operation and maintenance projects: A: Check the steering gear, tie rod, rod system, fastening the steering arm connection. Check and adjust the air compressor, engine and fan belt tightness and fixed the situation. Check brake method, whether the brake pipes leak, check the hydraulic brake master cylinder brake fluid level, add brake fluid as required. Check and adjust the clutch pedal, brake pedal free travel, check the brake pedal shaft and cotter pin fixation is intact and reliable. Check and tighten all parts of the whole car, bolted. Check the tire pressure and check the tire without damage. Check the battery case, and clear the small cap vent, make up the electrolyte. Check the lights, line, wiper switch is complete in good condition. Speaker volume tone is normal, whether the work of a variety of instruments well.
36. Engine Oil Road often prone to failure have?
A: gas oil machine is generally a common fault block oil leakage, the bad, three. Recurring faults: the tank bottom switch is not turned on or dirty fuel tank, tubing plug or fuel oil-free. Carburetor fuel filter or filter plug into the pipe or tubing joints loose joints, rupture and spill port A pair of speakers. Fuel pump failure or oil produced in air resistance. Carburetor's main oil path block or triangular instead of needle stuck into the oil.
37. briefly how to check whether the carburetor to the oil pipeline?
A: Remove the carburetor connection tubing, hand pump oil pump pulled the handle or hand-crank starter turn the engine observation.
38. How to adjust idle speed?
A: The engine idle speed adjustment method: unstable idle when the engine should the engine temperature is normal, oil, and the circuit adjusted without fault. With a screwdriver (commonly known as screwdriver) slowly release throttle adjustment screw, is about to turn off when the screw a little bit in order to maintain the engine running. Adjust the idle mixture adjustment screw. The engine to speed. (3) spin out again to adjust the valve opening to achieve the idle speed is stable, not only speed up the flame up.
39. how to use the driver off the fire each cylinder test engine work?
A: a cylinder with a screwdriver after ignition off, no change when the engine is running, you can finds that the cylinder work or bad.
40. ignition system which often prone to failure?
A: Gasoline ignition system fault is generally: low-voltage circuit, low short-circuit, high pressure fire weak, ignition confusion, when the ignition timing is not correct and so on.
41. How to check the circuit breaker contact gap?
A: The contact points separate electrical power have a certain gap. If the gap is too small, arcing contacts are susceptible to erosion; if the gap is too small, the contact closure time is short, to reduce low-voltage current through the generator high-speed rotation, prone to fire off phenomenon, the general gap of 0.35-0.45 mm. Adjustment, remove the distributor and the distributor rotor, turn the crank resorted to power fully open, loosen the screw contacts, adjust the eccentric screw, with the thickness measurement to achieve the required regulatory clearance, and then fixed the fixed contacts Tighten screws.
42. How to check the ignition coil is good or bad?
A: Check the ignition coil: A: Remove the distributor of convergence pressure head, turn the ignition switch, touch the ground connection scheme, if the spark of good, then prove that the previous low-voltage electrical appliances into the sub- circuit trouble-free. The distributor cap pulled power lines within the central jack, so that it ends close to the cylinder head 7-8 mm, and arm contact with the driver pulled up to make contacts open, close together. At this point, the central high-voltage wire ends have strong high-pressure spark, if no spark or weak high pressure, indicating that the ignition coil failure or failure of the capacitor and so on.
43. How to check the distributor, distributor rotor is good or bad?
A: The distributor cap check: Check whether the distributor cover cracks with high-pressure spark check. Remove the distributor in one hand and all the high-voltage lines, provided it ends in a 3-4 mm cylinder, turn the ignition switch contacts with a screwdriver toggle arm, the contacts open, closed. If high-voltage spark from a sub-line ends in a skip, then cover the electrical appliances were damaged. Attempting the check points: the distributor rotor upside down, on the cylinder head, then covered with a distributor cap central pressure appears to ends, from the distributor rotor ignition hole about 7-8 mm. If the distributor rotor good insulation, high voltage spark will not skip, and vice versa, said distributor rotor has been damaged.
44. How to check the capacitor is good or bad?
A: Check the capacitors: the working poor or failure of the capacitor, high voltage spark will weaken, often burned off decorative touch, the check is: Remove the distributor cap the central high-voltage lines , 5-7 mm away from the cylinder, turn the ignition switch, toggle breakpoints contacts look flash over situation of high pressure, then remove the capacitor thread, look at high-voltage flash over the situation, then sparks should be greatly weakened, such as two high-pressure flashover or less, indicating failure of the capacitor should be replaced.
45. direction adjust the clutch pedal free travel?
A: The clutch pedal free travel should be 20-30 mm, when the clutch can not be completely separated or spun by friction, that should adjust the clutch pedal free travel. To reduce the pedal free travel, can be spherical rod tightening nut separation, to increase the freedom of travel should loosen the ball close.
46. What is the reason the direction of instability?
A: The steering transmission within the gap is too large. Horizontal rod ball joint wear Songkuang system. Steering knuckle kingpin and bushing with too much space. Songkuang front wheel bearings. Front Wheel Alignment inaccurate.
47. What is the cause heavy steering?
A: The steering heavy reasons: A: Wang, manufacturing rod ball too tight or short run off fat. Knuckle pin and bushing thrust bearings with too tight or the lack of grease. Front Wheel Alignment inaccurate.
48. lack of braking force, braking performance weakened why?
A: The lack of air pressure (air pressure), storage pool of oil in the plane is too low (hydraulic). Pedal free travel is too large.
control valve touching film rupture or depression (pressure type), the master cylinder piston cup oil (hydraulic). Touch the brake chamber or damaged piece (air pressure), wheel cylinder piston cups oil (hydraulic). Control valve exhaust valve seals bad (air pressure). Loose or broken pipe joints leaking pipe or leaking. Brake shoes and brake gap adjustment properly, shoe leather oil or mud on the possession of oil.
49. braking the rear brake does not eliminate the phenomenon of the role and why?
A: drive, when to relax the brake pedal, the braking force but not decreased, after the car can not start or start running hard, for the following reasons: control valve and exhaust valve arm stroke improperly adjusted or broken exhaust valve spring, a rust dirt stuck to the exhaust valve, the valve can not open. Brake chamber push rod out too long or crooked ear stuck. Dirt or brake cam and the cam support shaft bracket on the brake disc axis not committed in a straight line on the card. Four brake shoe spring too soft.
brake shoes and brake drum chamber gap is too small. Brake shoe support underwriting modification or rusted. Indoor water brake (winter ice) and choked the brake chamber diaphragm and so on.
50. brake deviation of the phenomenon and why?
A: braking, the braking effect of the different left and right wheels, the wheels deflect to the side of the following reasons: individual pieces touching broken brake chamber, brake wheel cylinder cups leak oil or trachea, pipeline rupture, leaking joints loose. Individual brake chamber push rod stuck skew or bend. Rust and dirt hysteresis brake camshaft live arm.
around the wheel and brake drum brake shoe gap sizes, friction or contact with different materials is different. Individual wheel brake shoe on the rust off in support of delay and not free to rotate. Individual wheel brake lining or hardening of grease and mud, wear off or even exposed rivets. Park brake drum friction loss of the individual, there are grooves. About uneven tire pressure.
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